◆現在完了形 (have + 過去分詞) 「過去から今まで」
- I have been sick for three days. 【3日前から今まで】ずっと具合が悪い
- I have visited Nara three times. 【過去のいつかから今までの間に】3回行ったことがある
- I have already read the book. 【もう(過去に)】読み終わったので【今は】(読まなくていい・違うのを読みたい)】
- (×) I have been sick last week. 「先週」=今が含まれない
- (×) I have visited Nara three times when I was a child. 「子どもの頃」=今が含まれない
- (×) I have already read the book when I was in high school. 「高校時代に」=今が含まれない
- I had been sick for three days when he called me last week. 【先週彼が電話をかけてきたとき、その3日前から】ずっと具合が悪かった
- I have visited Nara three times before we went there yesterday. 【昨日私たちが奈良に行く前に】3回行ったことがあった
- I had just finished my homework when he called me yesterday. 【昨日彼が電話をかけてきたとき、ちょうど(その前に)】宿題を終わらせたところだった
単純(ふつう)形 | 進行形 | |
現在 | He studies English. | He is studying English. |
過去 | He studied English. | He is studying English. |
現在完了 | He has studied English. | He has been studying English. |
過去完了 | He had studied English. | He had been studying English. |
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